Corporate strategy refers to the overall plan of action that a company takes to achieve its long-term goals and objectives. It involves making key decisions about which markets to enter, which products or services to offer, and how to allocate resources effectively. A well-designed corporate strategy can help a company to stay competitive, drive growth, and create value for its shareholders. It is important for companies to regularly review and update their corporate strategies to ensure that they remain relevant and effective in the ever-changing business landscape.
By integrating strategy throughout the organization, companies can enhance coordination, focus, and agility in achieving their strategic objectives. It enables a unified approach and maximizes the collective efforts of all stakeholders towards the organization's long-term success. Corporate strategy serves as a roadmap for the organization, providing guidance on how to compete effectively in the market, leverage its strengths, mitigate weaknesses, and adapt to changing circumstances. It ensures that the organization is aligned and focused on its long-term goals, and it provides a basis for making coordinated and informed decisions throughout the company.
The focus of the corporate strategy is on the entire organization. It determines the path to create value both for shareholders and clients/customers. The strategy spans across the entire portfolio of businesses owned by the company and functions that enable and empower these businesses.
Business strategy (or business level strategy or business unit strategy) determines the path forward for a particular business and customers/clients it is focusing on. Such aspects as profitability, sustainability, product/service offering, pricing, customer/client segmentation are focal topics of a business strategy.
Within most firms, executives rely on vertical and horizontal linkages to create a structure that they hope will match the needs of their firm’s strategy. Many types of structures are available to executives. As they do this, executives must realize that the choice of structure will influence their firm’s strategy and strategic options in the future. Once a structure is created, it constrains certain future strategic moves, and supports others. If a firm’s structure is designed to maximize efficiency, for example, the firm may lack the flexibility needed to react quickly to exploit new opportunities.
Functional strategy deals with a path forward for a particular organization function (e.g. HR, Contact Centre, Digital, Technology/IT) in the context of the entire organization (i.e. how this function adds value to the rest of the organization). Such as aspects as services offered, internal pricing, enabling capabilities, quality of services are in the focus of a functional strategy. Macro trends, such as globalization, digitization, automation, outsourcing, increased competition, and process improvement have raised expectations for efficiency gains. Correspondingly, the business functions are often the first ones to suffer from the incoherent corporate and business strategies. Furthermore, in most companies, each business function has multiple, competing priorities. As a result, functional strategy is growing in importance and relevance.
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